On the Holy Eucharist and Schism


            In a letter written to his son, J.R.R. Tolkien once wrote that he believed the Reformation, which he called “the revolt,” was really launched against the Eucharist itself, against “’the blasphemous fable of the Mass’ – and faith/ works a mere red herring.”1 For us Catholics who believe in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist, under the species of bread and wine, we know that it is the source of our unity. The Eucharist is what draws us up into Christ’s one body. To make any sort of separation or fracture of that one body is to tragically sin against and wound Christ. Tolkien knew this fact. He called the Reformation a revolt, precisely, because he knew that it was a rebellion, intentional or not, against our source of unity – Christ himself, present in bread and wine.
            “The cup of blessing, which we bless, is it not a participation in the blood of Christ? The bread, which we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ? Because there is one bread, we who are many are one body, for we all partake of the one bread. Consider the people of Israel; are not those who eat the sacrifices partners in the altar?” (1 Cor. 10:16-18 NRSV) St. Paul in these last verses shows us exactly the matter so clearly. He goes so far as to say that the blessed bread and wine are a participation in Christ and his sacrifice.
            The Eucharist, the Church tells us, is the source and summit of our Christian life. Why? Because it is a participation in the sacrifice of Christ. What else is the body and blood of Christ, but that which was broken, that which was poured out for us? The Sacrifice of the Mass is our highest form of worship, because it is with him, in him and through him that we make our worship, any worship. This is why it is called the summit of our Christian life. All worship is made possible through Christ and his cross, and that mystery is made present in the consecrated bread and wine. This is why it is called the source of our Christian life. This is also why the Church says that all other worship is (and should be) just an extension of the liturgy of the Mass. “Without Me, you can do nothing.” Mother Church truly realizes the reality and depth of the revealed truth of the Eucharistic Presence.
            The words of the common, Catholic prayer of morning offering are so clear in light of this: “O my Jesus, … I offer to you all my prayers, works, joys and sufferings in union with the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.…” The Sacrifice of the Mass is the one bread, the one and only bread. It is the one Sacrifice that happened in history 2,000 years ago and is made available to us each day in the Mass. And by it, we are caught up into the unity of the Spirit, and become participants in Christ’s redeeming work.
            In Ephesians 1:20-23, St. Paul tells us that the Father has made Christ to sit at his right hand, after having raised him up, far above all rule and authority. He goes on to write that the Father “put all things under [Christ’s] feet and has made him the head over all things for the church, which is his body, the fullness of him who fills all in all” (22, 23 NRSV). Two things are impressed upon me in this passage. The first is that Christ, as the Church tells us, was raised in his glorified flesh and then seated at the right hand of the Father. He is still in the flesh, glorified nonetheless. Let me repeat: Christ is still in the flesh, a human being. The second is that the church is his body, even the fullness of the Son of God.
            In light of these, can we ever really say again, having known the Real Presence, that Christ, still living in the flesh, wills his people to be separated all over the face of the earth in disagreement and division on teachings that were handed down by himself? “I will not leave you orphan.” Can we really say that he who is in heaven, in the flesh, and will return again does not “mind” (or worse, even wills it) that some of those members of his body have torn it into pieces by division? Or, instead, would we say with St. Paul, “any one who eats and drinks without discerning the body eats and drinks judgment upon himself” (1 Cor. 11:29). Some Christians seem to act, as I did at one time, like Christ died and went away in spirit for a really long time, and has nothing to do with shepherding his Church: “Alright, guys, you’re on your own. Don’t make too much mess, and try to remember the things I told you as best you can.”
            No, instead, we know that he left us the apostles. They in turn left us those whom they chose to faithfully continue the ministry of Christ, down to our own age, keeping the continuity of his authority. And Christ is still in control. Christ is still living in the flesh. He did not leave us orphan. He is not separated from us. He is very close to us, and even in our midst. His authority is still on this earth, and his unity is in his one holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. We are one body only because we have one bread, one communion, one Lord. Let us not break communion with that one body. Let us, instead, honor and adore the source and summit of our Christian life, our salvation – the Most Holy Eucharist – and remain wherever that one Bread is.
            Let us pray, too, that we may recognize with our Catholic brother, Tolkien, the indivisibility between the Eucharist and Christ’s Church: “… but I now know enough about myself to be aware that I should not leave the Church for any such reasons [of scandal]: I should leave because I did not believe, and should not believe anymore … I should deny the Blessed Sacrament, that is: call Our Lord a fraud to His face.”1


1 Tolkien, J. R. R. The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien: A Selection. Ed. Humphrey Carpenter. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000. 338-39. Print.

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